Tumor markers are essential tools in cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. This guide covers the classification of tumor markers, their role in oncology, and easy mnemonics for memorization. Discover how biomarkers like CEA, AFP, CA-125, and PSA help detect and track various cancers. A must-read for medical professionals and students!”
Tumor Markers: Key to Early Cancer Detection & Monitoring Read More »
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, invasion of local tissues, and the ability to metastasize to distant organs. This article explores the properties of cancer cells, including loss of apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming, and genetic instability. It also examines the etiology of carcinogenesis, focusing on radiation, chemical carcinogens, and viral oncogenesis. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for cancer prevention and treatment strategies
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1-Describe the role of tumor suppressor genes in human carcinogenesis. 2- List, giving an example for each, the ways by which proto-oncogenes can be converted to oncogenes. 3- Chromosomal translocations are the hallmark of certain human malignancies. What is known of the biochemical consequences of these cytogenic rearrangements and how these contribute to the development
Frequently asked long and short answer questions-cancers Read More »
“International Union Against cancer” has defined Cancer as a disturbance of growth, characterized by excessive proliferation of cells without apparent relation to the physiological demands of the organ involved. Properties of cancer cells Three important properties- 1) Diminished or unrestricted control of growth 2) The capability of invasion of local tissues 3) Capable of spreading
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Cancer susceptibility genes There are two major classes of cancer susceptibility genes. A) Genes affecting cell growth- These genes exert their effects on tumor growth through their ability to control cell division (cell birth) or cell death (apoptosis).There are two types of genes affecting cell growth. Tumor suppressor genes– negatively affect cell growth. The normal
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Oncogenes in Human Cancer Oncogenes are cancer susceptibility genes. Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that are present in normal cells and are involved in normal growth and development. Under certain circumstances due to the effect of certain processes protooncogenes are converted to Oncogenes. Significance of Proto-oncogenes In the normal cellular environment, proto-oncogenes have crucial roles in
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Anticancer drugs The goal of cancer treatment is first to eradicate cancer. If this primary goal cannot be accomplished, the goal of cancer treatment shifts to palliation, the amelioration of symptoms, and preservation of quality of life while striving to extend life. Cancer treatments are divided into four main types: surgery, radiation therapy (including photodynamic
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Tumor markers Tumor markers are hormones, enzymes, peptides or proteins abnormally synthesized and released by the cancer cells, or are produced by the host cells in response to cancerous growth. Tumor markers may be present in the body fluids, blood, cell membranes or in the cytoplasm of the cell. Clinical significance of tumor markers Tumor
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Methotrexate Methotrexate is an antimetabolite. A broad definition of antimetabolites would include compounds with structural similarity to precursors of purines or pyrimidines or compounds that interfere with purine or pyrimidine synthesis. Antimetabolites can cause DNA damage indirectly, through misincorporation into DNA, abnormal timing or progression through DNA synthesis, or altered function of pyrimidine and purine
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